Open Port Period (1876-1910)
1880
Huang Zunxian 黃遵憲, 朝鮮策略 Zhaoxian celue [Strategy for Korea], recommended Korea to enter the treaty relationship with the US against Russian expansionism. Had a positive view of Protestantism as an American religion.
1881
Les Missionnaires de Corée de la Socieite des Missions étrangères de Paris. Grammaire Coréenne: Précédée d’un Introduction sur le Caractère de la Langue Coréenne. Yokohama, L. Lévy et S. Salabelle: 1881.
1882
Ross, John. Korean Speech with Grammar and Vocabulary. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh, 1882. (reprint, Seoul : T’ap Ch’ulp’ansa, 1979).
April John Ross, Gospel of Luke, the first Korean translation of the gospel, 1882 published in Manchuria. Korean colporteurs and evangelists brought the copies of Luke and John into Korea. Japanese colorteurs also distributed the copies in Pusan.
1883
April 29 Yi Sujông was baptized by J. W. Knox in Tokyo and made a speech at the third Conference of Japanese Protestant Leaders
American minister Foote goes to the palace
September 6 Korean envoy to US, seated center Min Yôngik, his left Hong Yôngsik, his left Percival Lowell, arrived in San Francisco
John F. Goucher, president of Baltimore Women’s College, met the Korean envoy en route from Chicago to New York. Goucher supported Maclay’s trip to Korea in 1884 and offered $2,000 for the establishment of the Korea Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, whose first missionaries were Appenzellers and Scrantons
1884
May George Clayton Foulk (1856-1893) arrived in Seoul and served as naval attaché to the first U.S. legation and was chargé d’affaires from 1885 until 1887.
Korean Christians began to worship at Sorae, Hwanghae
June Robert S. Maclay visited Seoul for a scout mission trip from Japan. King Kojong permitted to establish Protestant schools and hospitals
September 22 Dr. Horace Newton Allen, the first resident Protestant (Presbyterian) missionary to Korea, was transferred from Shanghai to Seoul
Dec. 4 Kapsin Coup. by Kim Okkyun and his progressive party. Dr. Allen saved heavily wounded Min Yôngik. Allen and Min became friends. Allen submitted a plan to establish a modern hospital in January 1885
1885
Jan. 25 H. G. Underwood arrived in Yokohama
February 27 Mr. & Mrs. Appenzeller, W. B. Scranton Family arrived in Yokohama
March 31 The Korea Mission of the Methodist E. Church organized in Tokyo by Maclay
April 5 Appenzellers and Underwood reached Chemulpo
Mr. & Mrs. Appenzeller (pregnant) returned to Japan owing to political unrest
April 6 H. G. Underwood came to Seoul
April 14 Chejungwon (Royal Hospital, the first modern national hospital) opened in Seoul. Dr. Allen worked there as doctor of the American Legation May 22 Dr. W. B. Scranton came to Seoul
June 20 Mr. & Mrs. Appenzeller and Scranton family came to Seoul
June 28 The first Protestant worship service for foreigners and missionaries
Aug. 3 Appenzeller began to teach two Korean students
Oct. 13 The first Lord’s Supper for foreigners (Union Church)
Nov. 19 The first western baby, Alice Appenzeller, was born
1886
May 11 Underwood opened an orphanage
May Mary Scranton received the first pupil of girls’ school, teaching her at her own room
June 8 Appenzeller’s Paejae School opened officially
July 18 Underwood baptized Ro Ch’ungyong, the first Korean Protestant Christian baptized in Seoul
1887
A revised edition of the Yi Sujong’s Gospel of Mark was published in September 1887 in Yokohama (tr. by Underwood and Appenzeller)
The first Korean NT, prepared by John Ross, published in ShenyangQueen Min bestowed the name “Ewha Haktang” upon Mary Scranton’s school
1888
March 23 Miss Lillias S. Horton, MD, arrived in Seoul (married H. G. Underwood in MArch 1889) 
June The Baby Riot 
Paejae School, a new building completed
November Methodist Woman’s Hospital, Pogunyôgwan, near Chôngdong Methodist Church, Seoul, opened
1890
Chôngsin Haktang 정신여학당 Presbyterian Girlds’ School in Seoul
1891
Feb. 25, S. A. Moffett, James Gale & Sô Sangnyun started a 3-month walking tour from Seoul through northern Korea into Moukden, Manchuria, coming back to Seoul through Hamheung and Wonsan. They met John Ross and saw the Mukden Church built in Chinese style
1892
Three Korean Presbterain Evangelists (helpers), Paek Hong-jun, Sô Sang-nyun, Ch’oe Myong-o
Presbyterian missinonries (Moffett, Gale, Vinton) and helpers
1893
Korea Mission, Methodist Episcopal Church, Seoul
Seven pioneer missionaries of the PCUS in Seoul
1894
Tonghak Uprising
Hall & Moffett leaving for Pyongyang from Chemulpo (Moffett Collection) 
May Pyongyang Persecution Incident
Anglican Night English School by Dr. E. B. Landis, Chemulpo
July 23 Japanese troops took over the Korean imperial palace in Seoul
Aug. 1 The First Sino-Japanese War erupted
September Dr. Oliver R. Avison became in charge of the Chejungwon (Royal Hospital) 
THe Second Tonghak Uprising
1895
April 6 Miss Anna P. Jacobson, graduated from Main General Hospital Training School for Nurses, the first Presbyterian nurse, arrived in Seoul with Dr. Georgiana Whiting
April 17 China and Japan signed the peace treaty of Shimonoseki
April 23 Russia, France, and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaodong peninsula to China
May 8 China ceded Taiwan to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki
Oct. 8 Queen Min was assassinated by a Japanese gang led by Japanese minister Miura Koro 三浦梧樓
1896
Missionaries of the Pusan station, PCUSA
1897
January 20 Miss Anna P. Jacobson died
Robert Speer, a secretary of BFM, PCUSA, visited Korea (Moffett Collection)
September Esther L. Shields arrived in Seoul as the second R. N. of the Presbyterian missions (Moffett Collection)
1898
Chongdong Methodist Church, Seoul Inside: gender segregated seats by Korean screens
Sorae Church and its Flag of St. George/ So Kyongjo 서경조 family
1900
Central Presbyterian Church 장대현교회 in Pyongyang
Mr. L. H. Severance met Dr. O. R. Avison at the Ecumenical Missionary Council in New York, and promised to donate $10,000 for a union hospital in Seoul
1901
the Presbyterian Council at Chejungwon, Seoul
1902
Charles Allen Clark, Carl Emerson Kearns, and Alexander A. Pieters, a converted Russian Jew, graduated McCormick Theological Seminary. Clark and Kearns were sent to Korea in 1902; Pieters to the Philippines and then was transferred to Korea in 1905.
1903
July The first Korean Church at Mokgolia in Hawaii organized
Aug. 7 Sinminhoe in Hawaii organized
Aug. The Wonsan Revival began
Sept. The Nurses Training School began at the Pogu Hospital in Seoul by Edmunds
Oct. Sinmyong Girls’ School in Taegu; Sungui Girls’ School in Pyongyang;
Youngsaeng Girls’ School in Hamheung; Myongshin Boys’ School in Kanggye;
Youngheung Boys’ School in Mokpo; Maehyang School in Suwon established
Oct. 28 Seoul YMCA organized
Nov. 19 Lucy Girls School in Wonsan established
1904
Feb 8 Japanese navy sank two Russian cruisers in Inch’ôn. Russo-Japanese War began.
Feb 9 Japanese troops landed near Seoul
September. New buildings of Severance (Chejungwon) Hospital opened
1905
Miss Edmunds with Korean nurses and patients at the Methodist Woman’s Hospital in Seoul
1906
January 30 Two Korean pupil nurses (Grace Yi and Martha Kim) were capped at the Methodist Woman’s Hospital, Pogunyogwan (the first capping ceremony in Korea)September Severance Hospital Training School for Nurses opened
1907
Jan. The Pyongyang Revival began
June 20 The first 7 graduates of the Union Presbyterian Seminary in Pyongyang. They were ordained to the ministry at the Presbytery in September. 
Sept. 17 The independent Korean Presbytery organized. S. A. Moffett elected moderator.
1908
June 3 The Frist Seven graduates of the Severance Hospital Medical School
Nov. 15 First Korean graduate nurses (Grace Yi and Martha Kim) from Methodist Women’s Hospital (Pogunyogwan), Seoul
March 23 Chang Inhwan & Chun Myongun shot Stevens to death at San Francisco
1909
April Rev. W. D. Reynolds and two Korean helpers completed the translation of the Korean Old Testament, Chunju
May 1 Ernest Thomas Bethel, editor of Korea Daily News, died in Seoul
September The Million Soul Movement began. Korean Christians volunteered to distribute 700,000 copies of the Gospel of Mark and other evangelistic tracts and sheets
September a political cartoon of Sinhan Minbo (New Korea), a Korean newspaper in San Francisco, urged Koreans to attack Japanese imperialism in the name of the international law and Heavenly Way (Christianity)
October 26. 安重根 Ahn Chunggûn (1879-1910), a Roman Catholic, assassinated Ito Hirobumi, Resident General.
1910
Feb. 15 Salvation Army School of Training Officers was opened
Feb. 28 The Christian News 예수교회보 founded
March 26. Ahn Chunggûn was executed
March 30 Dr. Irvin opened the Lepers’ Hospital in Pusan
April Ewha School began the collegiate department
April Ebina Danjo and Watase Tsuneyoshi amder a scout visiting for the mission of of the Japanese Congregational Church in Korea
April The Reference New Testament, prepared by Kilborne, published
Leaders in Chaeryong station (missionaries Hunt, Bernheisel, Koons)
June. S. A. Moffett and Yun Ch’iho attended as delegates of the Korean Church
G. H. Jones (from NY) joined the discussion on Chinese religions on June 18
(Only 19 out of 1,215 members of the Conference came from the younger churches: 8 from India, 3 from China, 4 from Japan, 1 from Burma, 1 from Turkey, 1 from Korea, and probably 1 from Africa.)
June 10 First graduation, Severance Hospital Nurses Training School.
Japanese newspaper cartoon, criticizing American missionaries’ baptism of nationalism on Koreans in the name of Christianity